A Simple Guide to French Tenses

Present (le présent)

We use it to talk about things happening now or things that are always true.
Construction: subject + verb (in the present form)


Example: I eat → Je mange

Past (le passé composé)

We use it to talk about things that already happened and are finished.
Construction: subject + auxiliary (avoir or être in present) + past participle


Example: I ate → J’ai mangé

Near Future (le futur proche)

We use it to talk about things that are going to happen soon.
Construction: subject + aller (present) + infinitive verb


Example: I am going to eat → Je vais manger

Simple Futur (le futur simple)

We use it to talk about things that will happen later.
Construction: subject + verb (infinitive + future ending)
Endings: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont


Example: I will eat → Je mangerai

Imperfect (l’imparfait)

We use it to talk about things in the past that were repeated, long, or for descriptions.
Construction: stem (nous form in present without -ons) + endings
Endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient


Example: I was eating / I used to eat → Je mangeais